the German mixed-member proportional representation system - the descriptive one (parliament consists of local … historical Sainte-Laguë/Webster method. The balance between the two concepts of representation can be restored by replacing the …

/24 Electoral reform in [Tangian 2025a]. We show that policy representation by the Bundestag could be improved using the alternative …

What are the consequences of losing political representation in a democracy? A reform of Germany’s mixed electoral … political representation reduces citizens’ satisfaction with democracy. Moreover, discontent is independent of party preferences … reform’s outcome. Political representation is a cornerstone of democracy; its erosion may give rise to democratic backsliding. …

How can women's representation improve in countries that do not embrace legislated gender quotas? We study municipal …

speech differences by gender. As the representation of women increased, there was also a shift in speech topics female MPs …-educated increased in the 1960s. These results suggest that descriptive representation of these groups may play a role in changing speech … patterns, and thus, in their substantive representation. …