This paper examines the design of liner ship route schedules that can hedge against the uncertainties in port operations, which include the uncertain wait time due to port congestion and uncertain container handling time. The designed schedule is robust in that uncertainties in port operations...

A sequential optimisation algorithm is developed to improve the operational reliability of airline schedules. Simulation results show that departure delays are reduced by 30% after optimisation by using extra 260 min buffer times in the schedule. This also increases the network-wide schedule...