Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that the epistemology of the strategic literature is dominated by a Modernist (scientific) and Cybernetic system approach and that other epistemological options especially critical management studies and complex self‐adapting systems, might...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategy literature in order to identify scholars who have developed specific models of strategy. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive review of the literature was undertaken. Findings – The paper reveals Modernist ideas of...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a coherent model of several schools of strategic ideas while utilising and building on the models extant in the literature, but also considering a change of epistemological and systemic paradigms. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive...