Urban railway systems are crucial components of sustainable public transportation but face significant operational costs due to energy consumption and maintenance needs. This study develops a novel optimization framework that integrates regenerative braking strategies and Internet of Things...

Variations of Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect within urban areas cannot be studied in detail using traditional combination of satellite images with thermal infrared (IR) bands and local weather station data due to their limited spatio-temporal scale. In this article, a system has been built to...