Evaluation metrics are essential in selecting the most appropriate predictive model. Conventional metrics such as R-squared, root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) rely on arithmetic averages, making them sensitive to outliers, undefined values, and scale...

In this article, new ratio regression type estimators with imputation have been proposed as means to overcome the problem of missing data relating to a studied variable in a sample survey. It has been shown that the suggested estimators are more efficient than the mean method of imputation, the...