The theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) suggests that there exists an asymmetric transfer of biophysical resources from the periphery to the core. Despite ample evidence demonstrating this fact, the theory fails to account for the complex role of the semi-periphery, or how global...

This article aims to analyse carbon emissions in Brazil by decomposing consumption and income-based structural factors from 2011 to 2018. It utilizes environmentally interregional input-output models to quantify these factors. The findings reveal an imbalanced pattern of carbon generation, with...