This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may...

This paper examines Thailand’s wine industry and tariffs on wine and any intermediate inputs. This is achieved using firm-level data in computing the effective protection rate on wine within Thailand. Findings on the effective rate for the domestic wine industry are greater than the nominal...

This paper studies tariff-tax reforms in a calibrated two-region global New Keynesian model composed of a developing and an advanced region. In our baseline calibration, a revenue-neutral reform that lowers tariffs in developing countries can reduce domestic welfare. The reason is that the...