Context: Dual apprenticeships (DA) are a type of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) that emphasize the development of work skills through collaboration between the education sector and the labour market. DA are believed to facilitate smoother transitions to work for youth by...

This paper forms part of a broader research project on mapping digital skills in initial vocational education and training (IVET) curricula using natural language processing (NLP) techniques across eight European countries at ISCED level 3. It draws on eight harmonised national reports,...

Context: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a crucial role in the social inclusion of refugees. The aim of this paper is to examine how the VET systems of Austria, Denmark and Germany responded to the arrival of young refugees since 2015. VET in these countries are all categorised as...