This paper puts forward a general statistical model in the time domain based on the concept of fractional integration. More specifically, in the proposed framework instead of imposing that the roots are strictly on the unit circle, we also allow them to be within the unit circle. This approach...

This paper puts forward a general statistical model in the time domain based on the concept of fractional integration. More specifically, in the proposed framework instead of imposing that the roots are strictly on the unit circle, we also allow them to be within the unit circle. This approach...

We extend existing data sets for domestic and foreign private and public R&D stocks as well as labour-augmenting technical change data based on CES production functions. We cover slightly more periods and many more countries, now 44 up from 17. We consider panel unit root issues for a large...