to advance in IVCs, which induces the research problem of the conditions for cluster upgrading (CU). This monograph aims …. It advances the theory of upgrading by linking the VC governance and capability approaches, broadening the empirical …

We examine firm-level upgrading in Colombian manufacturing firms as a result of a high-skilled labor supply shock …&D divisions. This skill-upgrading process boosted investments in R&D activities. Improved access to higher-quality inputs led to … certifications, which serve as a straightforward objective measure of firm-level upgrading. Collectively, these changes were crucial …

national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading …

This paper adopts a relatedness-complexity framework to assess the likelihood of functional upgrading and downgrading … metrics can be used as an alternative for value added data, to measure both functional upgrading and downgrading in global … upgrading and downgrading. Regions tend to functionally upgrade their global value chains towards more complex functions that …

national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading …