to advance in IVCs, which induces the research problem of the conditions for cluster upgrading (CU). This monograph aims …. It advances the theory of upgrading by linking the VC governance and capability approaches, broadening the empirical …

global value chains (GVCs) and export upgrading. The analysis shows that the MSTP helps improve economic institutions in … no significant effect of the MSTP on backward GVC participation and export upgrading in African countries, reflecting the … manufactures. On the other hand, the MSTP promotes backward GVC participation and export upgrading in NonAfrican countries. The …

We examine firm-level upgrading in Colombian manufacturing firms as a result of a high-skilled labor supply shock …&D divisions. This skill-upgrading process boosted investments in R&D activities. Improved access to higher-quality inputs led to … certifications, which serve as a straightforward objective measure of firm-level upgrading. Collectively, these changes were crucial …

Organization (WTO) rules on trade reforms, manufactured exports and export upgrading in least developed countries (LDCs). The … upgrading in LDC Article XII Members, but to the reverse outcomes in LDC founding Members. Finally, the utilization of S …

national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading …

national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading …