As seldom before, the current war in Ukraine has seen the use of World War II analogies by belligerents and also some …, reference is typically made to the last major war of one's own country. That is, however, seldom a good idea, since critical … conditions have usually changed in the meantime. This is illustrated here by four case studies, two based on a World War II, and …

With 70 million dead, World War II remains the most devastating conflict in history. Of the survivors, millions were … on labor market careers and show that they often become apparent only at certain life stages. While war injuries reduced … employment in old age, former prisoners of war postponed their retirement. Many displaced workers, particularly women, never …

In post-war elections a large number of citizens vote for political parties with deep roots in the violent … dramatically. This study explores the correlates of civil war belligerent party performance in contexts emerging from ethnic wars … conflicts. The study embeds illustrative case studies of ethnic wars within an original cross-national database of founding post-war …

Three years of war, sanctions and Russia's isolation from the global community have changed its economy in many ways … persist. War has also exacerbated Russia's already poor demographic trends. While a break in the war and relaxation of …, Russia's heavy dependence on China undoubtedly continues. An end to the war, even an ugly end, would reduce pressure for …