The study examines the diffusion rate and the intensity of on-call or work on demand in Germany. In 2009, German … companies with at least 150 employees have relied on about 60% on-call and almost 12% work on demand. On-call is particularly … restaurant industry. On-call work is more common in the tourism industry. Even more than 50% of companies use on-call or work on …

Little is known so far about on-call duty such as work on demand or standby service. Both types of flexible working … experience higher efforts and thus have a lower effort-reward imbalance whereas work on demand does not have an effect. …

Little is known so far about on-call duty such as work on demand or standby service. Both types of flexible working … experience higher efforts and thus have a lower effort-reward imbalance whereas work on demand does not have an effect. …