Recently, almost all African countries are experiencing increase in food insecurity thereby failing to meet the 2030 Zero Hunger target. Many artisanal miners in Africa enter the sector because of hardship and spend a significant portion of their income on food purchases. This reliance on...

In the early twentieth century, the mining industry was characterized by isolation, dangerous working conditions, employer power, and declining employment. However, miners also enjoyed high earnings, flexible schedules, and company housing. In this article, I explore intergenerational economic...

This paper provides the first quantitative assessment of living standards in Angola during the colonial period, with a specific focus on the Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), the largest and most profitable company in Portuguese colonial history. Employing the "barebones subsistence...