Innovation ecosystems use R&D inputs to generate innovation outputs first and innovation impacts later. But some countries show a relatively low transmission, such as in the case of Kazakhstan, the largest economy in Central Asia. This article analyzes the transmission from R&D into innovation...

Globalization has significantly influenced economic policy in Latin America. After the debt crisis of the 1980s, capital controls were removed leading to a substantial increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the region. Chile, in particular, has extensively promoted free international...

We study carbon offsets sold by firms in China under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). We find that offset-selling firms, meant to cut carbon emissions, instead increase them by 49% after starting an offset project. In a model of firm investment decisions and offset review, we estimate that...