China has taken some effective steps to shake off the effects of “COVID-19” and its economic development is unceasing recovery. Therefore, many foreign investments go into the Chinese market and lead to RMB appreciation, which would affect China’s economy-energy-carbon emissions system....

Safe assets play an important economic role as a store of value. Remarkably, gold is generally not considered a safe asset despite the fact that both gold and government bonds are considered stores of value and both are risky in the short-run as highlighted recently by the Silicon Valley Bank...

This paper investigates the residential integration of transnational regional economies, comparing them with the standard national setting studied in urban economics. For this purpose, we construct a theoretical model for residential location choices for a transnational economy with integrated...

This paper finds that limited exchange rate flexibility in the form of “fear of appreciation” significantly slows adjustment of current account imbalances, providing novel support for Friedman’s conjecture regarding exchange-rate flexibility. We present a new stylized fact: floaters have...

Undesirable real effects have been attributed to floating exchange rates in general, and the 1980-83 appreciation of the dollar in particular.In the appreciating country, the U.S., export industries lose competitiveness and so output falls. In the other country, say Europe, the exchange rate...