Absent high-quality online data, research questions would be constrained conceptually and in study populations. To inform the debate about online data quality, this paper provides empirical evidence that compares data quality of responses from online participants, AI agents, and human subjects...

Background: Accurate, real-time data about response technologies, capabilities, and availabilities are key to effective emergency response logistics; this is particularly important in remote settings, such as in the Arctic, where limited infrastructure, logistics, and technologies occasion the...