This Clean Energy Technology Observatory report analyses the current status and development trends of solar thermal energy, including both concentrated solar power (CSP) and solar heat for buildings, district heating, and industrial processes. While CSP has developed to a commercial scale, up to...

This report provides an update on the state of the art of heat pump technology, including its application in buildings, industry, and district heating and cooling. It presents installed capacity, sales and projections, and an analysis of research and development trends. It also discusses EU...

This report provides an overview of the current status, value chains and market positions of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies in the EU as well as globally. In 2023, the CCUS industry experienced unprecedented growth globally, with all the projects under development...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO). CETO's objective is to provide an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the effectiveness of R&I policies for clean energy technologies and solutions. It monitors EU research and...

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve the 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent, included ocean energy in the...

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes utility-scale onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on technologies at a lower maturity level. Research and development trends are analysed, focussing...

As part of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO), this report on Photovoltaics (PV) is built on three sections: the technology state of the art, future developments and trends, the value chain analysis and the EU position and global competitiveness. PV is the fastest-growing source of...

This report investigates the status and trend of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), except hydrogen, which are needed to cover part of the EU's demand for low carbon renewable fuels in the coming years. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. Most of the conversion...