This paper estimates passenger benefits from airline flight frequencies, recognizing that this task is less straightforward for connecting trips than for nonstop travel. In doing so, the paper joins Yuan and Jia (2026) as the only other study in the literature that confronts the problem of...

The European Union Emissions Trading System is set to substantially increase the effective carbon price faced by airlines. To quantify the impact of this carbon regulation on the European airline industry, we estimate a two-stage model of airline competition with endogenous route entry, flight...

I evaluate the competitive effects of four major U.S. airline mergers (2008-2013) using a continuous difference-in-differences model. Standard merger retrospectives typically rely on binary treatment classifications that collapse important variation in competitive exposure. I construct three...

The purpose of this study is to identify airline asymmetric attributes that affect customer satisfaction based on the three-factor theory and to build an Asymmetric Impact-Sentiment Analysis (AISA) for resource allocation prioritization. We identified food and beverage service as a basic factor;...