Parallel imports are genuine products imported into the United Kingdom without the consent of the intellectual property (IP) rights holder, often taking place when there is a price or availability difference between markets. Parallel import restrictions (PIRs) allow producers to control...

This article describes the problems of certification and declaration of parallel imports; proves that the certification of parallel imports is a very negative process for quality standards and from the marketing point of view is nothing but misleading consumers; proves that the logistics of...

Background: The aim was: i) to quantify the direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden during a period when sellers were forbidden from giving discounts to pharmacies, and ii) to study if the efects of competition from parallel imports on list prices became smaller in absolute...