Purpose - The study investigates how the 2017 Gulf crisis reshaped Qatari-Turkish relations, transforming them from cordial cooperation into a robust strategic alliance. It examines the political, military, and economic implications of Turkey'ssupport for Qatar during the blockade, and how this...

Urban sprawl poses significant challenges to urban sustainability, spatial efficiency, and social equity, particularly in mid-sized cities within resource-constrained settings. This study addresses critical gaps in understanding the interplay between urban sprawl and densification processes in...

This study examines the relationship between conflict events, conflict-related fatalities, and entrepreneurial intentions in Iraq, one of the most war-affected countries over the past four decades and a context largely overlooked in the entrepreneurship literature. By combining regional-level...

The higher turnout in Iraq’s recent parliamentary elections reflects advances over the past four years, notably in infrastructure development, security, and political stability. The election’s outcome and ensuing coalition-building dynamics underscore trends and challenges that will shape...

The Country Opinion Survey in Iraq assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Iraq perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

Why did enduring socio-economic inequality emerge between the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE, after millennia of substantial egalitarianism? We test the hypothesis of inequality being a by-product of state formation in an archeological panel covering Southern Iraq between 3900 and 1900 BCE. We...

This study investigates the adoption of performance-based budgeting (PBB) in Iraq's Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHE), addressing challenges in aligning budgeting practices with performance outcomes. Motivated by gaps in the literature on public sector budget reforms,...