Search Results - subject_exact:"Letter of credit"

An integrated Artificial Intelligence and optimization model for operational efficiency and risk reduction in Letter of Credit examination process

Khalil, Mounaf Asaad; Hadid, Majed; Padmanabhan, Regina; … - 2025

Digital transformation in banking has significantly improved efficiency, including in the critical Letter of Credit (LC) examination area. Despite these advancements, LC examination remains complex, labor-intensive, and error-prone, leading to operational risks and inefficiencies. Integrating...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015420193

Limitations of and proposals for L/C application of optional on-board B/L under the Incoterms® 2020 FCA rules

Lee, Ki Young; Lee, Yangkee - In: International Trade, Politics and Development (ITPD) 9 (2025) 1, pp. 12-24

Purpose - This study examines the limitations of the practical application of letter of credit transactions requiring an on-board bill of lading under the FCA and presents opinions on the practical use of FCA-ruled bills of lading for letter of credit transactions. Design/methodology/approach -...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015413510

Financial constraints, institutional quality and import trade flows : an empirical investigation on Italian manufacturing SMEs

Falavigna, G.; Ippoliti, R.; Ramello, G. B. - In: International business review 34 (2025) 4, pp. 1-15

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015440408

Limitations of and proposals for L/C application of optional on-board B/L under the IncotermsⓇ2020 FCA rules

Lee, Ki Young; Lee, Yangkee - In: International trade, politics and development 9 (2025) 1, pp. 12-24

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015395173

Issues of letter of credit in Malaysian Islamic banks

Sharifah Faigah Syed Alwi; Ismah Osman; Mohd Bahroddin Badri - In: Journal of risk and financial management : JRFM 15 (2022) 9, pp. 1-15

This paper discussed the prevailing issues currently faced by Islamic banks on the offering of Letter of Credit (LC), originally brought forward by the International Chamber of Commerce, using Shariah contracts and puts forth recommendations on practical solutions to solve the issues. The study...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013395930