The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a key indicator for assessing air quality and its associated health impacts. Accurate AQI calculations are crucial for reliable air quality assessments, but outliers in air quality data can distort these calculations, leading to inaccurate predictions. This paper...

Innovation ecosystems use R&D inputs to generate innovation outputs first and innovation impacts later. But some countries show a relatively low transmission, such as in the case of Kazakhstan, the largest economy in Central Asia. This article analyzes the transmission from R&D into innovation...

Innovation ecosystems use R&D inputs to generate innovation outputs first and innovation impacts later. But some countries show a relatively low transmission, such as in the case of Kazakhstan, the largest economy in Central Asia. This article analyzes the transmission from R&D into innovation...

The size of the effect of the difference in two groups with respect to a variable of interest may be estimated by the classical Cohen’s d . A recently proposed generalized estimator allows conditioning on further independent variables within the framework of a linear regression model. In this...

Background It is a well-known phenomenon that nonlinearities that are inherent in the relationship among economic variables negatively affect the commonly used estimators in the econometric models. The nonlinearities cause an instability of the estimated parameters that, in particular, are...

The following topical collection, entitled "Air Pollution Control and Sustainable Development: Innovative Methods and Policy Implications," focuses on the intersection of innovative methods of air quality management and the pursuit of sustainable development. This topical collection brings...