While global oceans are facing extreme pressure from anthropogenic activities, such as marine pollution and ocean acidification, the Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctica) are still relatively pristine. Nevertheless, marine ecosystems in the Polar Regions are experiencing rapid changes. Climate...

As urged by planetary boundary scientists, ‘there is an urgent need for a new paradigm that integrates the continued development of human societies and the maintenance of the Earth system in a resilient and accommodating state'.1 With rising temperatures, melting ice, increased human...

This Green Paper takes stock of what has been done. It then opens a debate on the best strategy for moving forward to a new phase that meets the challenges defined here and profits from the opportunities to deliver an accessible, sustainable digital mapping of European sea-beds by 2020. It would...

Marine resources and their exploitation, recovery and economic networks they generate are here from the perspective now inevitable growing environmental constraints, policy management and technical innovation. The recent development of marine biotechnology , the discovery of a great...

Marine resources and their exploitation, recovery and economic networks they generate are here from the perspective now inevitable growing environmental constraints, policy management and technical innovation. The recent development of marine biotechnology , the discovery of a great...