Promotion of transnational strategies is inevitable for multinational companies, but a fundamental challenge is the resolution of the dilemma between cost reduction and local adaptation (responsiveness). This exploratory case study investigates this issue and motivates that a modular strategy...

The rapid evolution of the global economy, driven by digitization and modularization, has outpaced existing theoretical tools. This paper proposes a unified analytical framework for understanding the complexity of digital industries through the lens of Massive Modular Ecosystems. To...