Civil society organisations (CSOs) have been gradually expanding their role in monitoring the Code of Conduct jointly developed in 2016 by the European Commission and four large social media platforms to counter online hate speech. While their function was initially limited to collecting data...

This article examines global content governance on social media platforms through the lens of digital constitutionalism, which explores how fundamental rights can be embedded within the socio-technical architecture of digital technologies. It highlights the often-overlooked role of civil society...

International activities by all NGOs have become ubiquitous. Therefore, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) are significantly and gradually increasing their international influence shaping a new paradigm for global affairs ranging from human aid to digital governance. In this...