The 2024 Complaints Mechanism Annual Report highlights the key achievements of the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group's accountability mechanism in addressing public concerns related to EIB-financed projects and activities. With 113 cases handled and 80 closed in 2024 - a 33% increase from the...

Ombudsmen in OECD countries have a tradition which dates back to the 1960s. However, the establishment of SME-dedicated ombudsmen is a more recent trend which has developed along three main models: redress model; clearing house model; and advocacy model. Countries interested in introducing an...

Policies aimed at favoring the attraction of FDI have been gaining strength on the agenda of national governments, largely supported by the so-called Investment Promotion Agencies (APIs). The purpose of this Discussion paper is to analyze the list of instruments adopted by such agencies. The...

Policies aimed at favoring the attraction of FDI have been gaining strength on the agenda of national governments, largely supported by the so-called Investment Promotion Agencies (APIs). The purpose of this Discussion paper is to analyze the list of instruments adopted by such agencies. The...

When a publicly-traded company files for bankruptcy protection, its smallest investors — typically individual retail shareholders — may struggle to understand the nature of the proceedings and whether and to what extent they may participate in the case. Although shareholders increasingly...

This article explores the possible involvement of tax specialist ombudsmen in the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). With the current level of development of the MAP still facing criticism for a lack of efficiency and transparency, and the arbitration only being adopted by a handful of states,...