Irrigation is a potentially effective technology to improve agricultural incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, and hand powered irrigation pumps have received significant interest and investment as a solution appropriate to small-scale farmers in this context. Despite this interest, there has been...

The rapid expansion of tubewell irrigation for rice production in 1980s Bangladesh led to intense debate on the economic, social and environmental impacts. Dominant concerns included inefficient, uneconomic tubewell operation, and groundwater depletion. Socially, the coinage "waterlordism"...