Given the changing landscape of fuel retailing, this study explores the impact of spatial competition and market concentration on diesel prices in Germany. The question of how population density and gas station density, i.e. the equilibrium pattern of locations of firms, are related is examined....

Health care systems rely on geographical boundaries that secure financial stability and adequate planning. Quality differences across regions often arise for efficiency reasons, causing patient flows if mobility is free. In this paper, a theoretical spatial competition model is developed to...

Background: Access to healthy food in emerging-economy cities is challenged by last-mile constraints and poor infrastructure. Aligned with the UN SDGs on Zero Hunger and Sustainable Cities, this study examines how a strategically located nanostores network can help close these gaps while...