How much is owed today to Blacks and other groups who have suffered substantial past economic violence? The issue has become extremely relevant given the $105 million reparations program announced by the City of Tulsa on June 1, 2025. To make some progress on this complex issue, this short paper...

This article critically analyses the reparations and asset forfeiture framework at the Extraordinary African Chambers and its application in the case against Hissène Habré. It identifies obstacles to implementing the reparations awarded and calls for states and international organizations to...

The article takes the renewed demands of the Polish government as an opportunity to examine the question of whether Germany is obliged to pay reparations to Poland. Based on an analysis of the international agreements concluded since 1945, it can be shown that the Polish government’s demands...

Centuries of enslavement and discrimination make it easy to make a case that Blacks deserve reparations. This essay explores whether compensating Blacks for the racism they experienced is politically possible or good public policy. Survey data indicate that building political support for...

Historians of African-America have long noted the exclusion of domestic and agricultural workers from the early years of Social Security, which denied benefits to disproportionately Black workers. Archives of the Social Security Administration and period ethnographies attribute this exclusion to...