Technical efficiency measures the performance of an observation unit in generating outputs effectively. The stochastic production frontier (SPF), which is a commonly used method for this purpose, determines how close a unit is to achieving maximum output based on its inputs. However, the...

This article estimates the impact of a policy change on an event probability in a difference-in-differences hazard model using four estimators. We examine the error distributions of the estimators via a simulation experiment with twelve different scenarios. In four simulation scenarios when all...

Background: Managing multiproduct pipeline systems is a complex task of critical importance in the petroleum industry. Experts frequently rely on simulation tools to design and validate pumping operation schedules. However, existing tools are often problem-specific and too slow to be effectively...

Background: The Petroleum Products Distribution Company in Anbar Governorate is responsible for securing and distributing petroleum products to various sectors, including transportation, agriculture, industry, and households, through over 100 gas stations. The company has faced significant...