Walter Andrew Shewhart is regarded as the founder of Statistical Quality Control (SQC), an approach to production inspection based on the application of statistical theory. He developed SQC in the 1920s while working at Bell Telephone Laboratories. During this period, he was tasked with training...

Researchers may want to know whether an observed statistical relationship is either meaningfully negative, meaningfully positive, or small enough to be considered practically equivalent to zero. Such a question can not be addressed with standard null hypothesis significance testing, nor with...