No, it was not. We do not find evidence that the Covid-19 pandemic affected the distribution of medals in a systematic way. Countries that suffered a higher share of deaths due to the pandemic, or that imposed stricter lockdowns, performed just as prior performances and standard economic and...

Whether energy efficiency performance can be improved by environmental regulations is an important issue for governmental policy-making. This study investigates the impact of Tokyo and Saitama regional emissions trading schemes (ETSs) on energy efficiency and outsourcing-induced carbon leakage...

This paper explains how history, economics, public policy, and culture have combined to make Tokyo a city full of microspaces and how those microspaces shape Tokyo’s land use possibilities. Today’s Tokyo is a “new” city, having been largely rebuilt from scratch after wartime devastation,...