The share of female inventors remains significantly lower than that of men in both developed and developing countries. This paper studies gender bias in patenting activity, using a unique dataset that matches Italian administrative employer-employee records both to patent data from the European...

Using Chinese A-share listed firms from 2003 to 2021, we investigate the impact of merchant guild culture (MGC) on corporate cash holdings. Our results show that firms with stronger MGC influence exhibit lower levels of cash reserves. Cross-sectional analysis reveals that this effect is weaker...

Using hand-collected data on merchant guild culture and a sample over 2003-2019, this study examines the effect of merchant guild culture on the cost of debt. Our findings reveal that merchant guild culture is negatively associated with the cost of debt, suggesting that merchant guild culture...