This article deals with the role of time in causal models in the social sciences, in particular in structural causal modeling, in contrast to time-free models. The aim is to underline the importance of time-sensitive causal models. For this purpose, it also refers to the important discussion on...

This paper examines different approaches for assessing causality as typically followed in econometrics and proposes a constructive perspective for improving statistical models elaborated in view of causal analysis. Without attempting to be exhaustive, this paper examines some of these...

We study the impact of the French "Digital Plan", a large-scale educational information and communication technologies (ICT) program that provides middle school students with access to mobile digital devices (i.e., either individual or shared access tablets), on students' skills. Employing...