This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism (GM) or benchmarking mechanism (BM). We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM, in...

For this study, we examined the relationship between the digital economy and labour share from the perspective of industrial heterogeneity. To analyse the digital economy's impact on labour share, we introduced a digital economy into a framework concerning labour share. We then built a...

The selection and weighting of performance indicators are of vital importance for an effective compensation contract. We examine the effect of the reclassification of income statement items, caused by China’s new Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (ASBE) in 2007 on the weight...

Over recent decades, China has risen to a preeminent global position in both solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption and production, a feat underpinned by a suite of pivotal policy measures. With a burgeoning demand for PV systems on the horizon, there is an urgent need to reassess past policies and...

Social ties, as informal institutions, contribute to firms' performance in emerging economies. Formal market-supporting institutions in emerging economies are in general less developed, social ties cultivated by entrepreneurs thus serve as substitutes for formal institutional support. However,...

Federated Learning (FL) is an innovative technique that allows multiple firms to collaborate in training machine learning models while preserving data privacy. This is especially important in industries where data is sensitive or subject to regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation...