Pakistan had an excellent growth record in economic sectors over the past 3D years, with an average annual growth rate of the GDP of over 6 percent. However, social development indicators could not grow in commensurate with the growth rate of the economy. Because of the past neglect of the...

The emerging role of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a source of stimulating economic growth in Pakistan has attracted considerable attention by the present Government. Their significant contribution to national production and employment, coupled with important shares in exports, has...

The urban informal sector of Pakistan is both large and growing rapidly, covering host of different activities. To understand the development-oriented and job-promoting character of the informal sector, it is useful to have knowledge about the characteristics of self-employed, who manage and...

In order to prepare concrete policy proposals for the prOlllotion of the informal sector, it is essential to have a knowledgeable account of the basic characteristics and facts about this sector. This report presents the stylized facts about the urban informal sector, such as the characteristics...

This study tries to investigate the inter-linkage between foreign trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in case of Pakistan. Annual data for the period 1985–2010 have been considered for eight major trading partners—Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Saudi Arabia, UK and USA. The...

Trade misinvoicing has remained a critical issue for the entire developing world. Trade misinvoicing involves misreporting in the invoices of imported and exported commodities for various malign purposes. This study conducted estimation of the extent of trade misinvoicing carried out in Pakistan...

Energy efficiency improvements owing to technological progress in the energy-using appliances and equipment lower effective price of energy services and, in turn, result into behavioural ex-post increase in the consumption of energy. Thus, on net basis technological progress negatively...

Capital flight from Pakistan has remained one of the major concerns of policy makers, mainly because of the nature of private capital outflows; that is, whereas private citizens hold a large amount of foreign assets, the country’s burden of foreign debt continues to grow. Capital flight over...

This paper analyses country-specific and industry-specific determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) between Pakistan and other SAARC countries using panel data techniques. This paper also disentangles total IIT into horizontal and vertical IIT. The Vertical IIT is further divided into...

In recent years the gap between real exchange rate (RER) and nominal exchange rate (NER) has widened in Pakistan. A proper understanding of the determinants of real exchange rate can be extremely useful for the management of current account deficit. The results of this study show that the...