[eng] To measure the effectiveness of fiscal policy in France, we estimate a structural VAR inspired by Blanchard and Perotti (2002). Consistently with most large macroeconometric models, our findings show the macroeconomic effectiveness of a structural increase in public spending in the short...

[spa] Respuestas individuales a las encuestas de coyuntura y previsión de la producción manufacturera. Hemos comparado los resultados de saldos de opinión y los indicadores propuestos por Mitchell, Smith y Weale para la previsión a un trimestre de la tasa de crecimiento de la producción...

A large majority of summary indicators derived from the individual responses to qualitative Business Tendency Surveys (which are mostly three-modality questions) result from standard aggregation and quantification methods. This is typically the case for the indicators called balances of opinion,...