A simple model illustrates interactions between the 'primary' fiscal deficit (total deficit minus interest payments), economic growth and debt. The deficit/income ratio responds countercyclically to growth while growth may respond positively (a 'Keynes' case) or negatively (à la 'Merkel') to...

This paper presents a structuralist model of inflation and applies it to the US economy. The model uses a mark-up rule to specify inflation as a function of income distribution and capacity utilization, as usual in structuralist macroeconomics, but it also includes inflation expectations, the...