When the structure of tax revenues–the proportion of revenues earned by income, consumption and wealth taxes–is treated as a pure public good, a useful framework emerges for analyzing interrelationships among taxpayers' preferences, tax structure and tax reform. The...

Foran objective function, how should each argument be assigned itsappropriate role in the change of the objective function, whenthe arguments are interrelated? In this paper, it is shown thatthe commonly used approaches may lead to results contradictoryto straightforward economic reasoning, and...

Increasingly, researchers and policymakers alike recognize that innovations are generated by complex and dynamic national ecosystems that include government, industry, universities and schools. Because these systems differ by country and are strongly influenced by culture, effective policy and...

New operational definitions of incremental innovation, standard innovation, and radical innovation, are constructed using our ‘technometric benchmarking’ model. Based on this definition, optimal incremental innovation is formulated as a linear programming problem. The model is illustrated by...

How efficiently do countries translate scientific and technological excellence into export comparative advantage? Here the use of science and technology in generating exports is first modelled as a two-stage process. A variant of linear programming (data envelopment analysis, DEA) is then...