Banking systems have rapidly grown to a point where for many countries bank assets amount to multiples of GDP. As a …

particular, we show that the stock market applies far greater discounts to a bank’s real estate loans and mortgage … suggests that bank balance sheets overvalue real estate related assets during economic slowdowns. Estimated discounts are … impairment. We also find that bank share prices, especially for banks with large exposures to mortgage-backed securities, react …

A regulator resolving a bank faces two audiences: depositors, who may run if they believe the regulator will not …

lending to the banks’ owners, although they strongly maintained otherwise in autumn 2007. Neither the FSA nor the Central Bank …

the cross-section of banks; and, the negative German loading reflects funding risk (flight away from bank funding to … various proxies for bank short-term debt. Large banks and banks with low Tier 1 ratios and high risk-weighted assets had …” – greater exposure of domestic banks to its sovereign’s bonds – which is partly explained by the European Central Bank funding …