creativity. Markets for intellectual assets protected by IP rights can produce too much or too little innovation. …

benefit from revocation of a patent and when firms are caught up in patent thickets. Using data on opposition against patents … revocations. Moreover, in fields with a large number of mutually blocking patents the incidence of opposition is sharply reduced …

a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size, in their capacities for innovation … duration of a country’s patents that are applied with national treatment. After describing the determination of national … policies in a non-cooperative regime of patent protection, we ask, ‘why are patents longer in the North?’ We also study …

inventors. We estimate the effect of patented inventions on individual earnings by linking data on U.S. patents and their … earnings for a patent grant and for highly-cited patents a longer-lasting premium of 30% in earnings three years later. Similar …

countries (LDCs). It starts by discussing the consequences of IP enforcement in LDCs for global innovation and welfare in poorer …. Finally, it discusses the protential merits of an industrial policy based on open source software. The analysis suggests that …

of patents has been largely ignored. Second, we explore how the general-equilibrium framework contributes to the results … depend on the proportion of industries that conduct R&D. Furthermore, patents affect the allocation of R&D resources across … industries, and patents can distort resources away from industries where they are most productive. …

Trade Organization, has increased levels of patent protection around the world. Since patents also have the potential to … reduce access to treatments through higher prices, it is imperative to assess whether wider use of patents has led to off … introduction of patents in developing countries has not been followed by greater R&D investment in the diseases that are most …