are desperate, vulnerable, or demanding services particularly prone to corruption. The effect is strongest for bribery of …

enforcers - on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is … properly designed - leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal …

reduce corruption. Overall, the judiciary and the police are by far the most corrupt institutions. …

the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The …Globalization, governance and economic performance affect each other in very complex mutual relationships. In this … Paper, we establish a clear and well-circumscribed hypothesis: ‘Is there an effect of globalization on governance?’ To test …

different ownership and governance structures. The empirical results indicate significant financial constraints even among the …

We conduct the first systematic evaluation of the world’s largest community-based development program--China’s flagship … consumption of richer households by 6.1 to 9.2 percent. We also find suggestive evidence that governance matters in the …