The increasing demand for water treatment and reverse osmosis -- Technical overview of the RO membrane -- The beginnings of research in the public sector -- Development for commercialization by private companies -- The rise of Japanese companies.

Part 1 Big Tree with Thick Trunk and its Fruits -- 1 Research Aim and Framework -- 2 Theoretical Background: General Purpose Technology, Pattern of Innovation, and Spin-out -- 3 Data -- 4 Technological Characteristics of Laser and Laser Diode -- Part 2 R&D and Market Competition of Laser Diodes...