In this article, we use the data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency of banks before and after credit rating is taken into consideration and we also employ the Malmquist Productivity Index to measure the total factor productivity changes from 2001 to 2003. The results are as follows:...

In this study we adopt the two Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods, including Banker-Charnes-Cooper (BCC) and Slacks-based Measure (SBM) super efficiency, to investigate whether a bank's technical efficiency index's results, incorporating account risk and not incorporating account risk,...

Environmental protection plans cannot succeed without full cooperation among related units. However, inconsistent investment preferences toward environmental protection increase the damage to the environment. This article employs the contract mechanism to analyse environmental protection effects...

While countries around the globe have increased spending on health care, economists and policy makers have raised concerns over the productivity and efficiency of health care. This article applies a stochastic frontier approach to address this issue using data from 141 countries for the period...