This paper discusses the theoretical differences in performance between using R-12 and R-22 resulting from changes in thermodynamic properties. It also assesses the potential for using R-22 as a replacement for R-12 by considering a case study of an R-12 reciprocating air-conditioning unit...

In recent years, the computation of load and energy requirement in buildings, energy conservation studies in buildings, and the design of solar systems are not accomplished using long-term averages of weather data as inputs, but preferably with data-sets representative of the climatological...

The performances of one photovoltaic and two thermal panels during several months of outdoor exposure have been measured. For the photovoltaic panel, the average degradation rate of the efficiency was 7% per month, whereas, for the thermal panels, the average degradation rate on the optical...