The dynamics of cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) was investigated in a natural gas direct-injection spark-ignition engine. The method of continuous wavelet transform was used to analyze the time series of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and other combustion variables. The dominant...

The effects of ultra-high injection pressure (Pinj = 300 MPa) and micro-hole nozzle (d = 0.08 mm) on flame structure and soot formation of impinging diesel spray were studied with a high speed video camera in a constant volume combustion vessel. Two-color pyrometry was used to...

Dual-injection strategies in spark-ignition engines allow the in-cylinder blending of two different fuels at any blend ratio, when simultaneously combining port fuel injection (PFI) and direct-injection (DI). Either fuel can be used as the main fuel, depending on the engine demand and the fuel...