The defendant is either innocent or guilty, which she, not the court or prosecutor, knows. The court convicts the defendant whenever its posterior probability of her guilt - which depends on the evidence presented - is greater than . Evidence production by litigating parties is a costly...

This paper studies a buyer (e.g., a government agency) offering a procurement contract to a number of privately informed suppliers. The buyer has private information about her demand for the product to be procured. The optimal mechanisms for all types of the buyer are examined. It is optimal for...