In this paper, we present a novel set of facts on procurement openness to foreign goods and services across a large number of countries and years. In particular, we show that there is a U-shaped relationship between development levels and procurement openness, and argue that deviations in...

Although the level of ambition shared in negotiations for the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) is high, one of the biggest fears is that the agreement will negatively impact on third countries that are either excluded or unwilling to participate. This paper highlights the issues in the...

This literature review discusses links between the presence of minorities and economic outcomes at the individual, economy and cross-country levels. Drawing on a large number of related studies, we highlight consistent facts and arguments that can guide integration policies and unleash the...