Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programs in Botswana have had limited conservation effect because the provision of development benefits is not contingent on wildlife conservation. Building on existing discussions about which development initiatives these programs should...

We analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental programs whose time periods of benefit and repayment differ, using a net present value framework that identifies parameters of both WTP and personal discount rates. Respondents to a contingent valuation survey focusing on protection of...